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Measures of guilt and shame are used to determine an individuals propensity towards the self-conscious feelings of guilt or shame. Guilt and shame, while both being negative emotions and behavioral regulators, differ in their perceived causes and motivations: feelings of shame are brought on by external sources and affect ego and self image, whereas guilt is a self-originating emotion and focuses on the impact on others.〔Fabrice Teroni, Julien A. Deonna, Differentiating shame from guilt, Consciousness and Cognition, Volume 17, Issue 3, September 2008, Pages 725-740, ISSN 1053-8100, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.02.002.〕 Measures of shame and guilt are useful for understanding individuals' reactions to embarrassing and regrettable situations in psychotherapy and psychopathology. Some of the most commonly used measures are Harder's Personal Feelings Questionnaire-2 (PFQ-2), introduced in 1990, Self-Conscious Affect and Attribution Inventory (SCAAI), Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA), and the more recently introduced Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP).〔Tracy, J. (2007). Assessing Self-Conscious Emotions: A Review of Self-Report and Nonverbal Measures. In The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research. New York: Guilford Press.〕 ==Methods== Measures of guilt and shame are typically a self-report survey that provides examples of feelings of guilt and shame, or scenarios in which a person might experience one of those feelings. The respondents are usually required to indicate, using a numbered scale, the likelihood they would experience each emotional response. In some cases responses are instead multiple choice. These methods do not require the respondent to formulate or give definitions guilt or shame, and prevent discrepancies that might arise from individual's varied definitions. Differences in the classifications of guilt and shame can and do occur across different measures, however, and can be seen when multiple measures give slightly differing results for the same subject. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Measures of guilt and shame」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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